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Hazardous waste - trash, which for its chemical, physical and biological characteristics requires special working. These are trash explosive, combustible, toxic, caustic, infectious, radioactive etc . Here belong e.g . monocells, sprays, fire tongs ,etc. Working with unsafe trash is described by law and on its observance supervise inspection of environment.
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- vegetable (fytomass) or animal (Zoo-mass) matter individuals , population or whole biocoenose on definite area (meter sq, kilometer sq, hectare) or in space (liter, meter cubic). We differentiate green biomass or its dry matter. It is represented at units of weight, energy or carbon content.
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- is concerned transmission of matters and energy of plants like prime producer of series organism till to consumer. It exist several dietary order, best-known is herdsman predatory (herbage - herbivora - carnivora), further saprophytic (host - parasite - hyperparazit) and ferrit (debris organic matter - necrophage - saprophage).
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Ecological footprint - a new conception in protection of nature and environment. It is about timed territory, which definite man needs to fill its needs yearly. Into it is included everything - area for production of groceries, for living, for animal husbandry and so on. It is indicated in hectares. The biggest ecological stop has an average inhabitant of the USA(it indicated up to 12 hah) and the lowest have inhabitants in developing countries(c. 0,3 hah). An average Czech inhabitant has its ecological footprint around 5 hah.
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Erosion of soil - water or windy deterioration of soil, that is subsequently carried away on places, where is stored inconveniently. It is a natural action, that is however unmaintainable increased because of human activity. Cause of it is deforestation, untimely agricultural activity (e.g . potatoes and beet protect soil in face of wind and rain insufficiently), etc.
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Wood (=forest) - association of plants (wood species) with specific generic constitution, generating closed, more-palatal tree growth with its own ecoclimate, it is developed in relation with animals and it depends on environment, it forms wood ecosystem, its extension is greater than 1 are , cover more than 50% of area, height of trees is above 5 meter. We distinguish needle, leafy and mixed forest.
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A developing country is a country in which the socondary sector (Industry) isn´t developed, that is why they have a low level of resources. For its development they need to take into account both the satisfaction of their necessities and the need to have a vision of future, considering leaving an earth, a world, in which the next generations can satisfy their needs, so that for its development they must invest in energies and methods which don´t affect the environment or pollute it as little as possible.
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Renewable energy resources are those that can be regenerated at the same pace as they are consumed and have a slight environmental impact. The main reasons for the growing interest about them are the shortage of conventional resources and their agents, waste and CO2 originated. In addition, the management of these resources and the process of locating them cause great inequality in de world´s population. Renewable energy resources help to solve these problems, but most of them are subject to climatic restrictions and to the impossibility of storing the energy produced.
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Greenhouse effect is based on the thing that the rays of the sun travel to the ground and start to heat it up. when the long wave radiation reflects from the earth, they can reflect back to the atmosphere and heats up the earth. this happens because of the toxic gases in the atmosphere. Because of this, the earth´s temeprature is nowadays about + 15 degrees Celscius, whereas without the greenhouse effect the temperature woud be -18 degrees Celcius. the greenhouse effect caused by the atmosphere isn´t the main problem, the acts of people in the last few decades. these acts have rapidly increased the amount of the greenhouse gases. it has been estimated that the temperature of the earth has risen during the last150 years by 0.4-0.8 degrees, tropical areas have lost 80 % of its mass, and the sea level has risen by 10-20 cm (according to IPCC, nationwide climate council). The worst greenhouse gases are water, carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone. In Finland, the green-house effect causes warming, increases rains, decrease the time of lakes being frozen, eutrophication of lakes, increase of pests and plant diseases, but also introduce new plants for cultivation, increase the crops, and also deciduous species of pines spread north.
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When species or populations are facing a total vanishing, they are determined endangered. The number of the species and their distribution is followed when determining being endangered. When estimating this, the speed of population being extinct is very important. The internationally known endanger classification has been created by the world´s nature foundation (the IUCN), containing the following degrees of being endangered:
1) Least concern
2) Nearly threatened
3) Vulnerable
4) Endangered
5) Critically endangered
6) Extinct in the wild
7) Data deficient
8) Not evaluated
In Finland, there are about 43,000 species of which only about 15,000 are known so well that their being endangered can be determined. about 10 % of the well-known species are endangered (1,505 species). inthe endangered species, 50 have a spine, 759 are spineless, 150 aretube plants, 142 spore plants, and 374 of them are mushrooms and lichens.
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Migration - moving of people or regular changing of location for certain species of animals or plants. Migration is having a direction, takes part for all population and leads towards reproduction of all kinds. Can be realizing by man, animal, wind, water or by a will of an organism itself. Known are migrations with or without return. Migration is conditioned by food, reproduction or by climatic conditions.
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